A Universal Testing Machine otherwise known as
a materials testing machine/ test frame is used to test the tensile and
compressive properties of materials.The Universal Testing machine is named so
because it can perform all the tests like compression, bending, tension etc to
examine the material in all mechanical properties.
Universal Testing Machines are capable
of performing virtually any test on almost any material when coupled with our
unmatched line of standard and custom testing accessories.
All Universal Testing Machines are closely
controlled for sensitivity, accuracy and calibration during every stage of
manufacture. Every machine is then calibrated over each of its measuring ranges
in accordance with the procedure laid down in British Standards 1610:1964 and
IS 1828. An accuracy of ±1% is maintained from 20% of the load range selected
to full load.
The most common test
performed by a universal testing machine is a test of tensile strength. One end
of a sample is held in place while the other end is pulled away until they two
sides are torn apart. Flexural strength is tested in a similar
fashion, but the machine pushes on one end of the sample instead of pulling on
it. Again, the test stops when the sample breaks, though some materials are
flexible enough that they will bend, rather than breaking, giving no final
results.
A universal testing
machine pulls, compresses, bends or stretches materials until they break. These
tests determine the quality of the material as well as how suitable it is for a
particular use. The universal testing machine is used primarily by laboratories
that manufacture or mold various plastics.
One or two vertical
columns are mounted on a base to form the body of the universal testing
machine. A second horizontal plate, with attachments to hold the sample, slides
up and down while performing stress tests on the samples. Machines with one
vertical column are typically smaller and more affordable, though they often
lack the ability to compress materials. Dual-vertical column machines are
considerably more expensive but can handle larger samples in terms of both size
and weight.
In early versions
of the universal testing machine, a specialized recorder was used to log test
information, which needed to be interpreted by a specialist. Current models are
managed by digital controls and computer software. These programs are
sophisticated enough to run a test and display the results while the test is
still going on. The advantage to this is that engineers can see how the stress
affects the material up to and including the point at which it breaks. This
information allows the engineers to determine how well a material will hold up
under a variety of conditions.
nice information about universal testing machine
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